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Como a Pixar promove a criatividade coletiva na animação

Ed Catmull

Por trás dos sucessos de bilheteria da Pixar há um processo de solução de problemas em que todos ajudam todos.

Muita gente acha que uma boa idéia é algo mais raro e mais valioso do que um bom profissional. Ed Catmull, superintendente da Pixar e da Disney Animation Studios, não podia discordar mais. A seu ver, essa visão é fundada numa noção equivocada da criatividade — noção que exagera a importância da idéia inicial para a criação de um produto original. Além disso, reflete uma profunda incompreensão de como administrar os altos riscos inerentes à produção de grandes inovações.

Seja na produção de um filme, seja no desenvolvimento de vários outros produtos complexos, a criatividade envolve um grande número de indivíduos de distintas disciplinas que, juntos, tratam de resolver um sem-fim de problemas inerentemente imprevisíveis. Para fomentar a criatividade coletiva, diz Catmull, é preciso seguir três princípios: atribuir a autoridade sobre o desenvolvimento do produto aos líderes do projeto (e não a executivos da área administrativa); criar uma cultura e processos que incentivem as pessoas a partilharem o trabalho ainda em curso e dar apoio umas as outras, como iguais; e derrubar as barreiras naturais que separam distintas disciplinas.

Tendo testemunhado a ascensão e a queda de muitas empresas de tecnologia, Catmull quis garantir que a Pixar estivesse sempre questionando as próprias verdades e buscando falhas capazes de destruir sua cultura. Valores claros, comunicação constante, post-mortens rotineiros e a contínua injeção de sangue novo para desafiar o status quo são coisas necessárias — mas não suficientes para que a empresa siga no rumo certo. Uma liderança forte é crucial para que esses padrões sejam realmente seguidos — e não só da boca para fora. É por isso que Catmull aparece nas sessões de orientação de novos contratados. Ali, fala dos erros que a Pixar cometeu, para que ninguém ache que por ter triunfado a empresa nunca voltará a errar.

Continua…

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